ケニアとビートルズのサージェント・ペパーのカバーの人達と福助人形。LoL

11/05/2024

436人以上を食い殺したチャンパーワットの人食い虎からケニアの木の上で王座をゲットしたエリザベス二世まで芋づる式に。LoL

https://jyado.blogspot.com/2024/11/436lol.html

Kenya and Sgt. Pepper
The Beatles' last concert was at Candlestick Park, San Francisco, on 29 August 1966, but Evans continued to work for them in the studio, and to run errands. After returning to London following their last American tour, McCartney went by himself on holiday to France, but asked to meet Evans in Bordeaux, at the Grosse Horloge church (on the corner of cours Victor Hugo and rue St. James).[27] At exactly the pre-arranged time of one o'clock, Evans was standing under the church clock when McCartney arrived.[28] They then drove to Madrid together but, after feeling bored, McCartney phoned Epstein's office in London and asked to be booked on a safari holiday in Kenya. When they arrived they visited the Amboseli Reserve at the foot of Mount Kilimanjaro, and also stayed at the exclusive Treetops Hotel, where the rooms are built on the branches of trees.[28]

They spent their final night in Nairobi at a YMCA, before they returned to London. The Beatles—according to McCartney—needed a new name, so on the flight back to England, Evans and McCartney played with words to see if they could come up with something new. Evans innocently asked McCartney what the letters "S" and "P" stood for on the pots on their meal trays, and McCartney explained that it was for salt and pepper, which led to the Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band name.[29] They arrived back in London on 19 November 1966.[30] Before the cover of Sgt. Pepper could be completed by Peter Blake, Evans and Aspinall were sent out to find photographs of all of the people that were to be shown on the front cover.[31]

 

1: Sri Yukteswar Giri
The author of the 1894 book The Holy Science, which attempted “to show as clearly as possible that there is an essential unity in all religions,” Sri Yukteswar Giri was guru to both Sri Mahavatara Babaji (No.27) and Paramahansa Yogananda (No.33). His prominent position in the top left-hand corner reflects George Harrison’s (No.65) growing interest in Indian philosophy. In August 1967, two months after the album’s release, The Beatles had their first meeting with the Maharashi Mahesh Yogi, at the Hilton Hotel on London’s Park Lane, where they were invited to study Transcendental Meditation in Bangor, North Wales.
2: Aleister Crowley
A hugely prolific occultist and author who formed his own religion, Thelema, Crowley’s central tenet was, “Do what thou wilt shall be the whole of the law. Love is the law, love under will.”
3: Mae West
Mae West initially refused to allow her image to appear on the artwork. She was, after all, one of the most famous bombshells from Hollywood’s Golden Age and felt that she would never be in a lonely hearts club. However, after The Beatles personally wrote to her explaining that they were all fans, she agreed to let them use her image. In 1978, Ringo Starr (No.63) returned the favor when he appeared in West’s final movie, 1978’s Sextette. The film also featured a cover version of the “White Album” song “Honey Pie.”
4: Lenny Bruce
Lenny Bruce revolutionized comedy in the 50s and 60s, ushering in a personalized style that influenced many later comedians. By the time he appeared on the Sgt. Pepper’s cover, he had been arrested for obscenity, further making him a countercultural hero not only for The Beatles, but also the Beatniks and Bob Dylan (No.15). He died of a drug overdose in August 1966.
5: Karlheinz Stockhausen
A German composer who pioneered the use of electronic music in the 50s and 60s, Stockhausen remains a godfather of the avant-garde, whose boundary-pushing music influenced The Beatles’ own groundbreaking experiments in the studio, starting with their tape experiments of Revolver’s “Tomorrow Never Knows.” Paul McCartney (No.64) introduced Stockhausen’s work to the group, turning John Lennon (No.62) into a fan; Lennon and Yoko Ono even sent the composer a Christmas card in 1969.
6: WC Fields
An American writer, comedian, and actor, WC Fields was the epitome of the all-around entertainer, whose career spanned both the silent film era and the talkies. His humor seeped into The Beatles’ own, while the vaudeville world he came from would also go on to influence songs the likes of “Your Mother Should Know.”
7: Carl Jung
Another progressive thinker who introduced new strains of psychology to the world, Jung was a Swiss psychiatrist whose Analytic Psychology school of thought pioneered the concept of individuation and self-realization in the early 1900s.
8: Edgar Allan Poe
Before being namechecked in “I Am The Walrus,” Edgar Allan Poe appeared on the right-hand side of the top row of the Sgt. Pepper collage. The poems and short stories that he wrote across the 1820s and 1840s essentially invented the modern horror genre, and also helped lay the groundwork for sci-fi and detective stories as we know them today.
9: Fred Astaire
In contrast to Mae West (No.3), Fred Astaire was reportedly thrilled to be asked to appear on the Sgt Pepper album cover. A child star who initially started dancing with his sister on stage, it was with Ginger Rogers that Fred made his greatest mark, in a series of classic Golden Age movies including Top Hat and Swing Time. He also appeared with John and Yoko in the 1972 television film Imagine.
10: Richard Merkin
Born in 1938, American painter and illustrator Richard Merkin was enamored with the early jazz period that flourished in the years before his birth. His modernist style matched the abstraction of jazz music, and also inspired Peter Blake’s tribute artwork, Souvenirs For Richard Merkin, created in 1966.
11: A Vargas Girl
Having made a name for himself designing posters for the Ziegfield Follies that appeared on Broadway across the 1910s to the 30s, Peruvian painter Joaquin Alberto Vargas Y Chávez went on to create a series of paintings of pin-ups. Known as the Varga Girls, they gained widespread exposure in Esquire magazine during the 40s, and also inspired a number of paintings that would appear on World War II fighter jets.
12: Leo Gorcey
Along with Huntz Hall (No.13), Leo Gorcey was one of The Bowery Boys, a group of on-screen hoodlums who grew out of The Dead End Kids and The East Side Kids. Their movie franchise ran throughout the 40s and 50s, and totaled 48 films. As the gang’s leader, Gorcey was a prototype street thug who set the template for many to follow, though he refused to let The Beatles use his image unless they paid him a fee, which was declined.
13: Huntz Hall
A fellow Bowery Boy, Huntz Hall was known for playing the putz of the group, Horace DeBussy “Sach” Jones.
14: Simon Rodia
Born in Italy in 1870, Simon Rodia emigrated to the United States with his brother when he was 15. Living in various places for the next 35 years, Rodia finally settled in the Watts district of Los Angeles in 1920, and began constructing the Watts Towers the following year. Consisting of 17 interconnected sculptures, the project took Rodia 33 years to complete.
15: Bob Dylan
Dylan and The Beatles influenced each other throughout the 60s, each spurring the other on to making music that pushed boundaries and reshaped what was thought possible of the simple “pop song.” It was Dylan who convinced John Lennon (No.62) to write more personal songs in the shape of “Help!,” while The Beatles showed Bob what could be achieved with a full band behind him, helping the latter “go electric” in 1965. It was with George Harrison (No.65), however, that Dylan struck up the longest-lasting friendship; the two played together often in the years that followed, forming The Traveling Wilburys and guesting on each other’s projects.
16: Aubrey Beardsley
The influence of Aubrey Beardsley’s pen-and-ink line drawings had already made itself felt on Klaus Voormann’s artwork for Revolver, and here the 19th-century illustrator, whose own style was influenced by Japanese woodcutting, takes a position not too far away from Oscar Wilde (No.41), Beardsley’s contemporary in the Aesthetic movement.
17: Sir Robert Peel
A founder of the modern Conservative Party, Sir Robert Peel served as the UK’s Prime Minister on two separate occasions, 1834-35 and 1841-46. While he served as the UK’s Home Secretary, Peel also helped form the modern police force – and his name is still evoked today, with the terms “bobbies” and “peelers” referring to policemen in England and Ireland, respectively.
18: Aldous Huxley
Published in 1954, Aldous Huxley’s work, The Doors Of Perception, was required reading for the countercultural elite in the 60s. Detailing the author’s own experience of taking mescaline, it chimed with the consciousness-expanding ethos of the decade, and even gave The Doors their name. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize for Literature in seven different years and died on November 22, 1963, the same day that both With The Beatles was released and President John F Kennedy was assassinated.”
19: Dylan Thomas
A beloved Welsh poet who died in 1953, The Beatles had all been fans of Dylan Thomas’ poetry by the time it came to creating the Sgt. Pepper’s artwork. “We all used to like Dylan Thomas,” Paul McCartney (No.64) later recalled. “I read him a lot. I think that John started writing because of him.” The late producer George Martin was also a fan, and even created a musical version of Thomas’ radio play, Under Milk Wood, in 1988.
20: Terry Southern
A satirical novelist and screenwriter, Terry Southern bridged the gap between the Beat Generation and The Beatles; he hung out with the former in Greenwich Village, and befriended the latter after moving to London in 1966. His dialogue was used in some of the most era-defining movies of the 60s, including Dr. Strangelove Or: How I Learned To Stop Worrying And Love The Bomb and Easy Rider.
21: Dion DiMucci
Originally the leader of Dion And The Belmonts, Dion DiMucci established a successful solo career with hits such as “The Wanderer” and “Runaround Sue” – doo-wop songs that characterized the rock’n’roll era that so influenced The Beatles.
22: Tony Curtis
Striking and versatile, Tony Curtis was a Hollywood idol who made a dizzying amount of movies (over 100) between 1949 and 2008. He will always be remembered for his role alongside Jack Lemmon and Marilyn Monroe (No.25) in the 1959 cross-dressing caper Some Like It Hot, but another stand-out remains his performance alongside Burt Lancaster as fast-talking press agent Sidney Falco in the 1957 film noir The Sweet Smell Of Success.
23: Wallace Berman
American artist Wallace Berman more than earned his place on the album cover: his pioneering “assemblage art” took a three-dimensional approach to the collage style that Peter Blake excelled in, and is an influence that can be felt on the Sgt. Pepper’s design.
24: Tommy Handley
Like Max Miller (No.37), Tommy Handley was another British wartime comedian. Born in Liverpool, he would have been a local hero for The Beatles, and his BBC radio show, ITMA (“It’s That Man Again”) ran for ten years, from 1939 to 1949, until Handley’s sudden death from a brain hemorrhage.
25: Marilyn Monroe
Something of a Mae West (No.3) for her generation, Marilyn Monroe starred alongside Tony Curtis (No.22) in Some Like It Hot, and became the Hollywood pin-up of the 50s. Her shock death still attracts conspiracy theories; Sgt. Pepper was officially released on what would have been her 41st birthday ( June 1, 1967).
26: William Burroughs
From Bob Dylan (No.15) to David Bowie, Tom Waits to Steely Dan, Beat Generation author Burroughs has influenced many a songwriter over the decades. Less known is that, according to Burroughs himself, he witnessed Paul McCartney (No.64) working on “Eleanor Rigby.” As quoted in A Report From The Bunker, a collection of conversations with author Victor Bockris, Burroughs recalled McCartney putting him up in The Beatles’ flat on 34 Montagu Square: “I saw the song taking shape. Once again, not knowing much about music, I could see that he knew what he was doing.”
27: Sri Mahavatara Babaji
A student of Sri Yukteswar Giri (No.1), Sri Mahavatara Babaji is said to have revived the practice of Kriya Yoga meditation, which was then taken to the West by Paramahansa Yogananda (No.33). In the latter’s memoir, Autobiography Of A Yogi, Yogananda claims that Babaji still lives in the Himalayas, but will only reveal himself to the truly blessed.
28: Stan Laurel
Together, Stan Laurel and Oliver Hardy (No.30) appeared in 107 films, mostly from the late 20s to the mid-40s, including iconic outings Block-Heads and Way Out West. Both had passed away before Sgt. Pepper was released: Hardy on August 7, 1957, and Laurel on February 23, 1965.
29: Richard Lindner
Lindner was born in Germany in 1901, but moved to the US in 1941, in order to escape the Nazis. In the 50s he developed a style of painting that drew upon Expressionism and Surrealism, along with the hyper-sexualised lifestyle that he encountered in New York. After appearing on the Sgt. Pepper cover, his abstract style would find echoes in the animated feature film Yellow Submarine.
30: Oliver Hardy
The larger one with the mustache from Laurel And Hardy, Oliver played the irascible foil to the hapless Stan (No.28). A recording by the duo (“The Trail Of The Lonesome Pine”) reached No.2 in the UK singles chart in December 1975.
31: Karl Marx
A prolific author, philosopher, and economist, Karl Marx is best known for his 1848 pamphlet The Communist Manifesto, which outlined the central tenets of his theories, and single-handedly kick-started a political movement. His work continues to influence modern economic thought.
32: HG Wells
Along with Edgar Allan Poe (No.8), HG Wells shaped the modern sci-fi story. After penning groundbreaking novels such as The Time Machine and War Of The Worlds in the late 1800s, he turned to writing more political works and also became a four-time nominee of the Nobel Prize In Literature.
33: Sri Paramahansa Yogananda
Yogananda learned the practice of Kriya Yoga at the feet of Sri Yukteswar Giri (No.1), who passed on the teachings of Sri Mahavatara Babaji (No.27). In 1920, Yogananda set sail for America, where he founded the Self-Realization Fellowship and introduced the Western world to meditation.
34: Hairdressers’ wax dummy No.1
One of two wax dummies borrowed from a local hairdresser. This one wears a striped red-and-yellow hat, while its counterpart (No.36) sports a green bonnet.
35: Stuart Sutcliffe
A friend of John Lennon’s (No.62) dating back to their time studying at Liverpool College Of Art, Stuart Sutcliffe was The Beatles’ original bassist. While the group were living in Hamburg and playing around the city’s clubs, Sutcliffe met photographer Astrid Kirchherr, who gave The Beatles their distinctive early 60s haircuts. Sutcliffe left the group in order to enroll in the Hamburg College Of Art, but his career was tragically cut short when he died, aged 21, from a brain aneurysm.
36: Hairdressers’ wax dummy No.2
On the opposite side of the gathering to the first wax dummy (No.24), this second dummy takes its place next to Stuart Sutcliffe (No.35)
37: Max Miller
Another vaudeville star, British comic Max Miller picked up the nickname “The Cheeky Chappie.” Known for his colorful dress sense and his risqué humor, Miller was the master of the double entendre. He also appeared in a number of films throughout the 30s.
38: Petty Girl No.1
Designed by George Petty, like the Vargas Girls (No.11), Petty Girls were pin-up paintings that appeared in Esquire, between 1933 and 1956, and also found a home on the front of World War II fighter planes – notably on the B-17 fighter jet nicknamed Memphis Belle.
39: Marlon Brando
In his iconic role of Johnny Strabler in the 1953 movie The Wild One, Marlon Brando captured the growing frustrations of the generation that gave birth rock’n’roll. Hailed as one of the greatest actors of all time, it’s also notable that Brando’s rivals in The Wild One, The Beetles, were almost-namesakes of The Beatles.
40: Tom Mix
As the man who became Hollywood’s first-ever Western icon, Tom Mix starred in a staggering 291 movies between 1909 and 1935.
41: Oscar Wilde
A playwright, novelist, and poet, Oscar Wilde left no shortage of aphorisms for which he is remembered, along with the novel The Picture Of Dorian Gray and plays such as The Importance Of Being Earnest and An Ideal Husband.
42: Tyrone Power
A Hollywood heartthrob of the 30s, 40s, and 50s, Tyrone Power was known for starring as the titular hero in the swashbuckling adventure film The Mark Of Zorro, though he also played the role of outlaw cowboy Jesse James, and starred in musicals, romantic comedies, and war movies.
43: Larry Bell
An American artist known for large sculptures that play with light and space, Larry Bell first made his mark with a series of “shadowboxes” constructed in the 60s, and has since gone on to receive acclaim for his wide-ranging work, including the Vapor Drawings of the 80s and a subsequent range of Mirage Drawings.
44: Dr. David Livingstone
It’s probably fair to say that Dr. Livingstone was to geographic exploration what The Beatles were to sonic innovation: fearless, ever questing, and mapping out new territories for the world. The famous “Dr. Livingstone, I presume?” saying remains in common use today, and can be traced back to a meeting between Livingstone and explorer Henry Morton Stanley, who’d been sent on an expedition to find the former, who had been missing for six years. Livingstone was discovered in the town of Ujiji, in what is now known as Tanzania.
45: Johnny Weissmuller
An Olympic gold-medallist of the 20s, Johnny Weissmuller first made a name for himself as a swimmer before turning his eye to Hollywood. It was as Tarzan that he made his biggest mark on popular culture, returning to the role in a series of films and devising an iconic yell forever associated with the jungle hero.
46: Stephen Crane
Barely visible tucked in between the head and raised arm of Issy Bonn (No.47), Stephen Crane was a Realist novelist who, though dying aged 28, in 1900, is regarded as one of the most forward-thinking writers of his generation. His work incorporated everyday speech, which gave his characters an added realism, and his novels took an unflinching look at poverty.
47: Issy Bonn
A contemporary of Max Miller (No.37), Issy Bonn was a British-Jewish vaudeville star who also found fame on BBC Radio.
48: George Bernard Shaw
George Bernard Shaw was an Irish playwright who helped shape modern theatre. The first person to receive both a Nobel Prize (in 1925, for Literature) and an Oscar (in 1939, for Best Adapted Screenplay, for Pygmalion). His works continue to be staged in the 21st Century.
49: HC Westermann
An American sculptor who served in the US Marine Corps in both World War II and the Korean War, HC Westermann took the skills he learned as a carpenter and turned them to creating Expressionist sculptures that criticized the horrors he had witnessed while fighting overseas.
50: Albert Stubbins
Like Tommy Handley, Albert Stubbins (No.24) was a local Liverpool hero. Born in Wallsend, he became center-forward for Liverpool FC in 1946, where he helped the team win the League Championship the following year.
51: Sri Lahiri Mahasaya
A disciple of Sri Mahavatara Babaji (No.27), Sri Lahiri Mahasaya learned the discipline of Kriya Yoga in 1861, and subsequently passed the teachings down to Sri Yukteswar Giri (No.1), who in turn, passed them on to Sri Paramahansa Yogananda (No.33), of whom Mahasaya said, “As a spiritual engine, he will carry many souls to God’s Kingdom.”
52: Lewis Carroll
Speaking to the BBC in 1965, John Lennon (No.62) declared his love for Alice In Wonderland and Alice Through The Looking Glass, revealing, “I usually read those two about once a year, because I still like them.” It’s perhaps no surprise, then, that the man who wrote the poem “The Walrus And The Carpenter,” which influenced Lennon’s lyrics for “I Am The Walrus,” is given a prominent display on the Sgt. Pepper’s album cover.
53: TE Lawrence
Immortalized in the 1962 film Lawrence Of Arabia, in which he was played by Peter O’Toole, TE Lawrence was a British archaeologist and military officer who became a liaison to the Arab forces during the Arab Revolt of 1916 to 1918. His 1922 book, Seven Pillars Of Wisdom, recounted his experiences during the war and laid the foundations for much of his legend.
54: Sonny Liston
The Beatles were famously photographed with boxing legend Cassius Clay in February 1964, in Miami, Florida. But it’s a wax model of boxer Sonny Liston, the man that Clay defeated later that month in order to become the heavyweight champion, who appears on the Sgt. Pepper cover. Liston had held the heavyweight title for two years, from 1962 to ’64, before losing it to Clay, who subsequently changed his name to Muhammad Ali.
55: Petty Girl No.2
Like its counterpart (No.38), this Petty Girl was one of a series of paintings by George Petty.
56, 57, 59 and 60: wax models of The Beatles
In a perfectly postmodern touch, The Beatles included wax models of their former Beatlemania-era selves looking on at their modern incarnation in full military psychedelic regalia. The models of John (No.57), Paul (No.60), George (No.56), and Ringo (No.59) were borrowed from Madame Tussauds for the Sgt. Pepper’s photoshoot.
58, 71, and 73: Shirley Temple
The very definition of a “triple threat,” Shirley Temple was an actress, singer, and dancer who became a child star in the 30s. She also appears on the Sgt. Pepper album cover three times over, her hair poking out from between the wax figures of John Lennon (No.62) and Ringo Starr (No.63), and also standing in front of the model of Diana Dors (No.70). There’s also a cloth figure of the star off to the far right, wearing a jumper emblazoned with the slogan “Welcome The Rolling Stones.”
61: Albert Einstein
Barely visible above John Lennon’s right shoulder (No.62), Albert Einstein was a physicist whose theory of relativity was light years ahead of its time and changed the world forever.
62, 63, 64 and 65: The Beatles
Resplendent in their military chic (or should that be military psych?) garb, John (No.62), Ringo (No.63), Paul (No.64), and George (No.65) presented themselves as Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band, looking like a psychedelic brass band brandishing a French horn, trumpet, cor anglais, and flute, respectively. Like the album cover itself, The Beatles’ Sgt Pepper costumes would become some of the most iconic band outfits ever, instantly recognizable and forever woven into the fabric of our culture.
66: Bobby Breen
Like Shirley Temple (Nos.58, 71, and 73), Bobby Breen was a child star of the 30s. After enlisting in the military and entertaining the troops during World War II he became a nightclub singer, and, in 1964, even made some recordings for Berry Gordy’s Motown label.
67: Marlene Dietrich
Just as The Beatles did, Marlene Dietrich had continually reinvented herself, moving from silent movies filmed in 20s Berlin to high-profile Hollywood films of the 30s, before taking to the stage as a live performer later in her career. In November 1963 she appeared at the same Royal Variety Performance as The Beatles and was famously photographed with them.
68: Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi

Famed for his non-violent protests and for leading the movement for Indian independence from British rule, Mahatma Gandhi was ultimately removed from the Sgt. Pepper album cover due to concerns that the use of his image would cause offense to the people of India.
69: Legionnaire from The Royal Antediluvian Order Of Buffaloes
Founded in London 1822, the Royal Antediluvian Order Of Buffaloes continues its work to this day, with outposts in Northern Ireland, Cyprus, Africa, South Africa, India, the Middle East, Australia, New Zealand, and Canada. Its motto is “No man is at all times wise” and the organization continues to look after its own members, dependents of deceased members, and charities.
70: Diana Dors
Hailed as the British answer to Marilyn Monroe (No.25), Diana Dors starred mostly in risqué sex comedies, but later branched out into singing, notably with the Swinging Dors album of 1960. Her career found a new lease of life the following decade, both as a cabaret star and a tabloid sensation.
72: Cloth grandmother figure
Created by Jann Haworth, then-wife of Peter Blake, and co-creator of the Sgt Pepper album cover, this cloth grandmother doll was one of a number of stuffed artworks she made from textiles.
74: Mexican Tree Of Life candlestick
Traditionally, Mexican Tree Of Life sculptures came from Metepec, in the State Of Mexico, and depicted scenes from The Bible. The one on the Sgt. Pepper album cover is also a candlestick.
75: Television set
If the Tree Of Life candlestick (No.74) represented a more traditional way of telling a story, the portable TV9-306YB Sony television set was a wholly modern storytelling apparatus in 1967.
76, 77, and 78: stone figures
Along with the stone figure (No.77) that can be seen below the feet of the Shirley Temple doll (No.73), the stone figure of a girl (No.76) was one of a number of statues that John Lennon (No.62) and George Harrison (No.65) brought from their homes for inclusion on the cover. The most prominent of these is the bust positioned to the right of the bass drum (No.78), which came from Lennon’s house Kenwood, in Weybridge, Surrey, where he lived from 1964 to 1969.
79: Trophy
It’s said that the trophy nestling in the crook of the “L” of “BEATLES” was a swimming trophy awarded to John Lennon (No.62) when he was a child.
80: Lakshmi doll
Positioned front and center on the album cover is a doll of Lakshmi, the Indian goddess of wealth, fortune, and prosperity.
81: Sgt. Pepper drum skin
The famous Sgt Pepper drum skin shows one of two designs by Joe Ephgrave, a fairground artist. His second design used more modern lettering and was attached to the other side of the bass drum, giving the group two options during the photoshoot.
82: Hookah
Originating from India, the hookah is a tobacco-smoking instrument designed so that the smoke is filtered through a water basin before being inhaled. Its inclusion on the Sgt Pepper album cover is a nod to both George Harrison’s (No.65) love of India and John Lennon’s (No.62) love of Lewis Carroll (No.52), whose Caterpillar in Alice’s Adventures In Wonderland smokes a hookah.
83: Velvet snake
Placed beneath Sonny Liston (No.54) is a purple velvet snake most likely to have been one of Jann Haworth’s cloth designs.
84: Fukusuke statue
Identifiable by its oversized head and ears, the Fukusuke doll originates from Japan and is said to bring good luck.
85: Stone figure of Snow White
Just in front of the Fukusuke doll (No.84) is a statue of Snow White, from Grimms’ Fairy Tales.
86: Garden gnome
Barely visible to the left of the “B” in “BEATLES” is a typical garden gnome, the likes of which originated in 19th-century Germany.
87: Tuba
Like the French horn, trumpet, cor anglais, and flute held by each of the individual Beatles (Nos.62, 63, 64, and 65), the tuba is a mainstay of brass band instrumentation.

福助人形（ふくすけにんぎょう）は、幸福を招くとされる縁起人形。正座をした男性で、大きな頭とちょんまげが特徴。頭が大きな人の比喩にも用いられる。
概要・歴史
元々は、文化元年頃から江戸で流行した福の神の人形叶福助。願いを叶えるとして茶屋や遊女屋などで祀られた。
叶福助のモデルとなった人物も実在したと言われており、松浦清の『甲子夜話』にも登場する。当時の浮世絵にも叶福助の有掛絵が描かれ、そこには「ふ」のつく縁起物と共に「睦まじう夫婦仲よく見る品は不老富貴に叶う福助」と書かれている。
一説に、享和2年8月（1802年9月）に長寿で死去した摂津国西成郡安部里の佐太郎がモデルである。もともと身長2尺足らずの大頭の低身長者であったが、近所の笑いものになることを憂いて他行を志し、東海道を下る途中、小田原で香具師にさそわれ、生活の途を得て、鎌倉雪ノ下で見世物小屋に出たところ、評判が良く、江戸両国の見世物に出された。江戸でも大評判で、不具助をもじった福助の名前を佐太郎に命じたところ、名前が福々しくて縁起がよいと見物は盛況であった。見物人のなかに旗本某の子がいて、両親に遊び相手に福助をとせがんで、旗本某は金30両で香具師から譲り受け、召し抱えた。それから旗本の家は幸運つづきであるのでおおいに寵愛され、旗本の世話で女中の「りさ」と結婚し、永井町で深草焼をはじめ、自分の容姿に模した像をこしらえ売りにだし、その人形が福助の死後に流行したという。
加藤元悦の『我衣』には、「（文化元年・1804年）春の頃より叶福助といふ人形を張抜にせし物大に流行して、一枚絵そのほか種々の物に准へて持運び、後には撫牛の如く蒲団を幾枚も重ね、これを祭れば福祐を増すとて、小き宮に入れて売るものあり」とある。
大田南畝の『一話一言』には、「享和三年（1803年）冬より、叶福助の人形流行」とある。

香具師（やし、こうぐし、かうぐし）とは、祭礼や縁日における参道や境内や門前町、もしくは市が立つ所などで、露店で出店や、街頭で見世物などの芸を披露する商売人をいう。また野師、野士、弥四、矢師[1]とも表記する。
概要
古くは、香具師（こうぐし）とも読み、主に江戸時代では歯の民間治療をしていた辻医者（つじいしゃ）や、軽業・曲芸・曲独楽などをして客寄せをし、薬や香具を作ったり、売買していた露天の商売人を指した。明治以降においては、露店で興行・物売り・場所の割り振りなどをする人を指し、的屋（てきや）や三寸（さんずん）とも呼ばれる[2]。詳しくは的屋を参照。
これらの仕切り、管理は一般に賤民（人別帳に記載のない人物、無宿人）、いわゆるヤクザの仕事であり、時代劇や講談などで「香具師の元締」といえばヤクザの親分とほぼ同義である[要出典]。
歴史

1690年（元禄3年）の発行の『人倫訓蒙図彙（じんりんきんもうずい）』では江戸、大阪、京都の城下町や港町において、丸薬や鬢付け油売りや傀儡廻しや物真似芸や蛇見せ芸などを披露する大道芸人の様子が記載されている[3]。
1735年（享保20年）に、「十三香具師」という名で初めて「香具師」という職業名が使われた文書『古事類苑』の産業の部『香具師一件』が残っている。この十三は「丸、散、丹、円、膏、香、湯、油、子、煎、薬、艾、之古実」などの薬や香や実などを十三香具としている。またその販売方法の分類も文献によりその内容は、異同があるが、『香具師一件』に記述されているものは、「諸国名産の薬の仲卸」、「薬の製造と販売と、口蓋、口腔、歯科治療」、「お笑い芸にて、客寄せする薬売り」、「お笑い芸の見世物」、「居合抜刀芸」、「独楽廻し」、「軽業」、「曲鞠」、「按摩治療と膏薬売りの辻医師」、「その他の諸たる見世物」、「日限売薬」、「施シ治療薬」、「艾（もぐさ）、火口売り」、「往来触売薬」、「歯磨売り」、「紅白粉売」、「小間物売り」、「薬飴売り」、「薬り菓子売り」、「その他、市場、盛り場での往還商人」[注 1]などとなっている。
1800年代中盤に江戸・大阪の風俗を記した『守貞謾稿』は、口上やちょっとした芸で人を集め、薬などを路上で売る職業として「矢師」を紹介している[4]。元は野武士などが貧窮から売薬をしたのが始めとし、「歯抜き」の有名どころとして大阪の松井喜三郎、江戸の長井兵助玄水を挙げ、抜刀や居合、独楽などを見せて人を集め、歯磨き粉や歯の薬を売るほか、歯の治療や入れ歯なども扱ったと記している[4]。そのほか、能弁によって有能・無能の薬を売ったり、辺土遠国からの名産と称してさまざまな物を売るなどし、香具師には十三種あるというがそれ以上あるとしている[4]。
語源
「やし」の由来については諸説ある。薬師（やし） - という江戸時代の薬の物売り[5]と同じように、香具師という薬を売っていたものが合わさったという説。鎌倉時代以前には藥師も医師も「くすし」と呼称されていた[6]。
弥四 - 薬の行商を始めた者の名が「弥四郎」とされ、そこから「弥四（やし）」とされたとする説。
野士 - 身を窶した武士が飢えをしのぐために薬を売っていたことから、野武士の「武」が略され「野士（やし）」になったとする説。野師 - 上記の「野士」の扱う商品に香具が多かったために、「香具師」に「やし」の読みが当てられたとする説。ゆえに、元は「野士」と「香具師」という別々の語であった。
「山師（やまし）」を略したとする説。
インターネットスラング

やつ、やし - 「2ちゃんねる」（現・5ちゃんねる）などに見られる一部の電子掲示板で、奴（ヤツ）の代わりに使われているインターネットスラングのこと。片仮名の「ツ」が「シ」に似ており、「やし」とキーを打つと「香具師」に漢字変換されることに由来している。
この用法においての最初の出典は、1999年2月10日のあやしいわーるど@本店 昼の部まで遡る。固定ハンドルネーム「DTP」を騙るものが使い始めた。この時、ハンドルネーム「DTP」のなりすまし騒動があり、ばれて槍玉に挙げられた騙りの犯人が途中から「DTP＠香具師」と自虐的に自分のハンドルネームに用いていた。「騙ったやつ」→「やつ」→「やし」→「香具師」の意味であった。

site://tokumei10.blogspot.com 香具師

site://tokumei10.blogspot.com 香具師

site://tokumei10.blogspot.com 香具師

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